Jump to a detailed profile or search site with Google Custom Search

Bridge Statistics for Williamsville, Missouri (MO)
Condition, Traffic, Stress, Structural Evaluation, Project Costs


  • National Bridge Inventory (NBI) Statistics
  • 13Number of bridges
  • 118ft / 35.7mTotal length
  • $551,000Total costs
  • 4,304Total average daily traffic
  • 504Total average daily truck traffic
  • 6,209Total future (year 2039) average daily traffic
  • National Bridge Inventory (NBI) Registered Bridges for Williamsville
  • No street view available for this location

New bridges in Williamsville, MO - historical statistics
  • New bridges - historical statistics
  • 41930-1939
  • 21950-1959
  • 31960-1969
  • 11970-1979
  • 22000-2009
  • 12010-2019
Reconstructed bridges in Williamsville, MO - Historical Statistics
  • Reconstructed bridges - Historical Statistics
  • 11970-1979
  • 11980-1989
  • 11990-1999
Average Bridge Truck Traffic in Williamsville, MO
Bridge Condition - Deck
  • Bridge Condition - Deck
  • 14.3%Excellent
  • 14.3%Very good
  • 42.9%Good
  • 28.6%Satisfactory
Bridge Condition - Superstructure
  • Bridge Condition - Superstructure
  • 28.6%Excellent
  • 14.3%Very good
  • 14.3%Good
  • 42.9%Satisfactory
Bridge Condition - Substructure
  • Bridge Condition - Substructure
  • 28.6%Excellent
  • 42.9%Good
  • 14.3%Satisfactory
  • 14.3%Fair
Bridge Condition - Channel
  • Bridge Condition - Channel
  • 7.7%Excellent
  • 7.7%Good
  • 53.8%Satisfactory
  • 30.8%Fair
Bridge Condition - Culverts
  • Bridge Condition - Culverts
  • 66.7%Satisfactory
  • 33.3%Fair
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 15383,  Location: S 25 T 27 N R 4 E (Lat: 36.957489,  Lng: -90.582331),  Route carried "on" structure: County highway 92,  Year Built: 1950,  Year Reconstructed: 2002,  Status: Posted for load,  Structure Length: 0.98m (3.22ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 35 (year 2019),  Truck Traffic: 5%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 44 (year 2039),  Features Intersected: CREEK,  Facility Carried by Structure: COUNTY RD 424
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 3.541,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: County Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 6.1m (20.0ft),  Skew: 2 degrees,  Material/Design: Concrete,  Design/Construction: Slab,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 2,  Number Of Approach Spans: 3,  Length of Maximum Span: 3.7m (12.1ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 5.5m (18.0ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 5.5m (18.0ft)

Condition: Deck: Satisfactory,  Superstructure: Satisfactory,  Substructure: Fair,  Channel: Fair,  Structural Evaluation: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Deck Geometry: Meets minimum limits,  Waterway Adequacy: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: December 2021,  Deck Structure Type: Concrete Cast-file-Place
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 16427,  Location: S 14 T 27 N R 5 E (Lat: 36.995786,  Lng: -90.492753),  Route carried "on" structure: County highway 119,  Year Built: 1960,  Year Reconstructed: 1983,  Status: Posted for load,  Structure Length: 0.73m (2.40ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 35 (year 2019),  Truck Traffic: 10%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 44 (year 2039),  Features Intersected: STR (DRY WASH),  Facility Carried by Structure: COUNTY RD 406
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 2.736,  Lanes on structure: 1,  Owner: County Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 5.2m (17.1ft),  Material/Design: Steel continuous,  Design/Construction: Stringer/Multi-beam,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 1,  Length of Maximum Span: 7.3m (24.0ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 3.7m (12.1ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 3.7m (12.1ft)

Condition: Deck: Excellent,  Superstructure: Satisfactory,  Substructure: Good,  Channel: Fair,  Operating Rating: 3.6 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Allowable Stress (AS),  Inventory Rating: 2.7 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Allowable Stress (AS),  Structural Evaluation: High priority of replacement,  Deck Geometry: Meets minimum limits,  Waterway Adequacy: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Bridge Posting: Required (Relationship of Operating Rating to Maximum Legal Load: > 39.9% below),  Length Of Structure Improvement: 0.14m (0.46ft),  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: December 2021,  Bridge Improvement Cost: $102,000,  Roadway Improvement Cost: $10,000,  Total Project Cost: $153,000 ( Estimate for 2022),  Deck Structure Type: Wood or Timber,  Wearing Surface/Protective System: Wearing Surface: Wood or Timber
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 16432,  Location: S 23 T 27 N R 5 E (Lat: 36.984011,  Lng: -90.486044),  Route carried "on" structure: County highway 119,  Year Built: 1960,  Year Reconstructed: 1988,  Status: Posted for load,  Structure Length: 0.64m (2.10ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 35 (year 2019),  Truck Traffic: 10%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 44 (year 2039),  Features Intersected: CREEK,  Facility Carried by Structure: COUNTY RD 406
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 4.345,  Lanes on structure: 1,  Owner: County Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 4.9m (16.1ft),  Skew: 4 degrees,  Material/Design: Wood or Timber,  Design/Construction: Stringer/Multi-beam,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 2,  Length of Maximum Span: 3.4m (11.2ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 4.9m (16.1ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 4.9m (16.1ft)

Condition: Deck: Good,  Superstructure: Good,  Substructure: Good,  Channel: Satisfactory,  Operating Rating: 9.9 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Allowable Stress (AS),  Inventory Rating: 4.5 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Allowable Stress (AS),  Structural Evaluation: High priority of replacement,  Deck Geometry: High priority of corrective action,  Waterway Adequacy: Meets minimum limits,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Bridge Posting: Required (Relationship of Operating Rating to Maximum Legal Load: > 39.9% below),  Length Of Structure Improvement: 0.13m (0.43ft),  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: December 2021,  Bridge Improvement Cost: $95,000,  Roadway Improvement Cost: $10,000,  Total Project Cost: $143,000 ( Estimate for 2022),  Deck Structure Type: Wood or Timber,  Wearing Surface/Protective System: Wearing Surface: Wood or Timber
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 264,  Location: S 20 T 27 N R 5 E (Lat: 36.970778,  Lng: -90.545925),  Route carried "on" structure: State highway 49,  Year Built: 1972,  Status: Open,  Structure Length: 4.08m (13.39ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 372 (year 2021),  Truck Traffic: 13%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 539 (year 2041),  Design Load: H 20,  Features Intersected: WILLIAMS CR
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 177.406,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: State Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 7.3m (24.0ft),  Material/Design: Concrete continuous,  Design/Construction: Slab,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 3,  Length of Maximum Span: 15.5m (50.9ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 10.4m (34.1ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 11.2m (36.7ft)

Condition: Deck: Satisfactory,  Superstructure: Satisfactory,  Substructure: Satisfactory,  Channel: Satisfactory,  Operating Rating: 47.7 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Inventory Rating: 28.8 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Structural Evaluation: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Deck Geometry: Better than present minimum criteria,  Waterway Adequacy: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: December 2021,  Deck Structure Type: Concrete Cast-file-Place,  Wearing Surface/Protective System: Deck Protection: Internally Sealed
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 31179,  Location: S 27 T 27 N R 4 E (Lat: 36.969711,  Lng: -90.605122),  Route carried "on" structure: County highway 424,  Year Built: 2004,  Status: Open,  Structure Length: 1.52m (4.99ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 35 (year 2019),  Truck Traffic: 10%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 44 (year 2039),  Features Intersected: BRUSHY CR
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 0.000,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: County Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 5.5m (18.0ft),  Skew: 1 degrees,  Material/Design: Steel,  Design/Construction: Culvert,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 8,  Length of Maximum Span: 0.8m (2.6ft)

Condition: Channel: Good,  Culverts: Fair,  Structural Evaluation: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Waterway Adequacy: Meets minimum limits,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Meets minimum limits,  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: December 2021
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 31211,  Location: S 29 T 27 N R 5 E (Lat: 36.956950,  Lng: -90.549842),  Route carried "on" structure: County highway 419,  Year Built: 2006,  Status: Open,  Structure Length: 8.90m (29.20ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 20 (year 2019),  Truck Traffic: 10%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 25 (year 2039),  Design Load: HS 20,  Features Intersected: BLACK RVR,  Facility Carried by Structure: COUNTY RD 417
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 0.000,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: County Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 6.7m (22.0ft),  Skew: 1 degrees,  Material/Design: Prestressed concrete continuous,  Design/Construction: Tee Beam,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 3,  Length of Maximum Span: 30.5m (100.1ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 6.7m (22.0ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 7.5m (24.6ft)

Condition: Deck: Good,  Superstructure: Excellent,  Substructure: Excellent,  Channel: Satisfactory,  Inventory Rating: 54.0 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Structural Evaluation: Superior to present desirable criteria,  Deck Geometry: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Waterway Adequacy: Superior to present desirable criteria,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: December 2021,  Deck Structure Type: Concrete Precast Panels,  Wearing Surface/Protective System: Wearing Surface: Bituminous
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 34798,  Location: S 4 T 26 N R 5 E (Lat: 36.937961,  Lng: -90.533181),  Route carried "on" structure: County highway 417,  Year Built: 2015,  Status: Open,  Structure Length: 2.29m (7.51ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 100 (year 2019),  Truck Traffic: 10%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 125 (year 2039),  Design Load: HS 20,  Features Intersected: MILLER CR
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 5.150,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: County Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 5.5m (18.0ft),  Material/Design: Concrete,  Design/Construction: Box Beam or Girders - Multiple,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 1,  Length of Maximum Span: 21.9m (71.9ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 6.1m (20.0ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 6.1m (20.0ft)

Condition: Deck: Very good,  Superstructure: Excellent,  Substructure: Excellent,  Channel: Excellent,  Operating Rating: 77.4 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Inventory Rating: 45.9 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Structural Evaluation: Superior to present desirable criteria,  Deck Geometry: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Waterway Adequacy: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: December 2021,  Deck Structure Type: Concrete Cast-file-Place,  Wearing Surface/Protective System: Wearing Surface: Monolithic Concrete
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 7945,  Location: S 9 T 26 N R 5 E (Lat: 36.926078,  Lng: -90.522403),  Route carried "on" structure: State highway JJ,  Year Built: 1955,  Status: Open,  Structure Length: 1.14m (3.74ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 397 (year 2021),  Truck Traffic: 21%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 596 (year 2041),  Design Load: H 10,  Features Intersected: LIGETT CR
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 0.082,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: State Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 7.3m (24.0ft),  Material/Design: Concrete continuous,  Design/Construction: Culvert,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 3,  Length of Maximum Span: 3.7m (12.1ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 7.3m (24.0ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 7.9m (25.9ft)

Condition: Channel: Satisfactory,  Culverts: Satisfactory,  Operating Rating: 38.7 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Inventory Rating: 23.4 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Structural Evaluation: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Deck Geometry: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Waterway Adequacy: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: December 2020
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 8368,  Location: S 23 T 27 N R 4 E (Lat: 36.972703,  Lng: -90.596753),  Route carried "on" structure: State highway 49,  Year Built: 1964,  Status: Posted for load,  Structure Length: 11.80m (38.71ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 357 (year 2021),  Truck Traffic: 11%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 518 (year 2041),  Design Load: H 15,  Features Intersected: BLACK RVR
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 172.311,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: State Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 6.1m (20.0ft),  Skew: 1 degrees,  Material/Design: Steel continuous,  Design/Construction: Stringer/Multi-beam,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 4,  Length of Maximum Span: 32.9m (107.9ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 7.3m (24.0ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 8.4m (27.6ft)

Condition: Deck: Good,  Superstructure: Very good,  Substructure: Good,  Channel: Fair,  Operating Rating: 32.4 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Allowable Stress (AS),  Inventory Rating: 18.0 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Allowable Stress (AS),  Structural Evaluation: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Deck Geometry: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Waterway Adequacy: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Bridge Posting: Required (Relationship of Operating Rating to Maximum Legal Load: 0.1 - 9.9% below),  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Underwater Inspection Frequency: Every 60 months,  Inspection Date: December 2021,  Underwater Inspection Date: July 2021,  Deck Structure Type: Concrete Cast-file-Place,  Wearing Surface/Protective System: Wearing Surface: Bituminous
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 8731,  Location: S 17 T 27 N R 5 E (Lat: 36.973681,  Lng: -90.547567),  Route carried "on" structure: State highway A,  Year Built: 1932,  Status: Open,  Structure Length: 1.38m (4.53ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 1,087 (year 2021),  Truck Traffic: 10%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 1,576 (year 2041),  Design Load: H 10,  Features Intersected: WILLIAMS CR
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 22.787,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: State Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 7.3m (24.0ft),  Skew: 3 degrees,  Material/Design: Concrete continuous,  Design/Construction: Culvert,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 3,  Length of Maximum Span: 3.7m (12.1ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 6.1m (20.0ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 6.7m (22.0ft)

Condition: Channel: Satisfactory,  Culverts: Satisfactory,  Operating Rating: 52.2 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Inventory Rating: 31.5 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Structural Evaluation: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Deck Geometry: High priority of replacement,  Waterway Adequacy: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Length Of Structure Improvement: 0.21m (0.69ft),  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: Febuary 2022,  Bridge Improvement Cost: $170,000,  Roadway Improvement Cost: $17,000,  Total Project Cost: $255,000 ( Estimate for 2022)
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 8753,  Location: S 4 T 27 N R 5 E (Lat: 37.031383,  Lng: -90.532075),  Route carried "on" structure: State highway A,  Year Built: 1932,  Status: Open,  Structure Length: 0.76m (2.49ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 1,087 (year 2021),  Truck Traffic: 10%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 1,576 (year 2041),  Design Load: H 10,  Features Intersected: OTTER CREEK OVRFL
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 30.359,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: State Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 7.3m (24.0ft),  Skew: 4 degrees,  Material/Design: Concrete continuous,  Design/Construction: Culvert,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 3,  Length of Maximum Span: 1.8m (5.9ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 9.5m (31.2ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 10.1m (33.1ft)

Condition: Channel: Satisfactory,  Culverts: Satisfactory,  Operating Rating: 44.1 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Inventory Rating: 26.1 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Load Factor (LF),  Structural Evaluation: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Deck Geometry: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Waterway Adequacy: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: Febuary 2022
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 9973,  Location: S 20 T 27 N R 5 E (Lat: 36.972850,  Lng: -90.539764),  Route carried "on" structure: State highway 49,  Year Built: 1937,  Status: Open,  Structure Length: 0.81m (2.66ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 372 (year 2021),  Truck Traffic: 13%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 539 (year 2041),  Features Intersected: CR
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 178.020,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: State Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 9.1m (29.9ft),  Skew: 3 degrees,  Material/Design: Concrete continuous,  Design/Construction: Culvert,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 2,  Length of Maximum Span: 3.0m (9.8ft),  Curb or Sidewalk Widths: Left: 0.3m (1.0ft),  Right: 0.3m (1.0ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 6.6m (21.7ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 7.2m (23.6ft)

Condition: Channel: Satisfactory,  Culverts: Fair,  Operating Rating: 24.3 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Field evaluation and documented engineering judgment,  Inventory Rating: 14.4 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Field evaluation and documented engineering judgment,  Structural Evaluation: Meets minimum limits,  Deck Geometry: Meets minimum limits,  Waterway Adequacy: Somewhat better than minimum adequacy,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present desirable criteria,  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: Febuary 2022,  Deck Structure Type: Concrete Cast-file-Place,  Wearing Surface/Protective System: Wearing Surface: Bituminous
Find on map >>   Show street view

Structure Number: 9974,  Location: S 20 T 27 N R 5 E (Lat: 36.975342,  Lng: -90.532375),  Route carried "on" structure: State highway 49,  Year Built: 1937,  Status: Open,  Structure Length: 0.63m (2.07ft),  Average Daily Traffic: 372 (year 2021),  Truck Traffic: 13%,  Average Future Daily Traffic: 539 (year 2041),  Features Intersected: CR
Minimum Vertical Clearance: 30+ m (98+ ft),  Kilometerpoint: 178.739,  Lanes on structure: 2,  Owner: State Highway Agency,  Approaching Roadway Width: 9.1m (29.9ft),  Material/Design: Concrete continuous,  Design/Construction: Culvert,  Number Of Spans In Main Unit: 2,  Length of Maximum Span: 3.0m (9.8ft),  Curb or Sidewalk Widths: Left: 0.3m (1.0ft),  Right: 0.3m (1.0ft),  Curb-To-Curb Width: 6.7m (22.0ft),  Out-to-Out Width: 7.3m (24.0ft)

Condition: Channel: Fair,  Culverts: Satisfactory,  Operating Rating: 24.3 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Operating Rating: Field evaluation and documented engineering judgment,  Inventory Rating: 14.4 metric tons,  Method Used To Determine Inventory Rating: Field evaluation and documented engineering judgment,  Structural Evaluation: Meets minimum limits,  Deck Geometry: Meets minimum limits,  Waterway Adequacy: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Approach Roadway Alignment: Equal to present minimum criteria,  Designated Inspection Frequency: Every 24 months,  Inspection Date: Febuary 2022,  Deck Structure Type: Concrete Cast-file-Place,  Wearing Surface/Protective System: Wearing Surface: Bituminous
Discuss Williamsville, Missouri (MO) on our hugely popular Missouri forum.


City-data.com does not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of any information on this site.  Use at your own risk.
Some parts © 2024 Advameg, Inc.