Property valuation of Bradford Street, Philadelphia, PA: 6801, 6803, 6805, 6807, 6809-11, 7200, 7201, 7202, 7203, 7204 (tax assessments)
Other nearby streets: Tyson Avenue (1) 
Tyson Avenue (2)
Tyson Avenue (3)
Tyson Avenue (4)
Tyson Avenue (5)
Tyson Avenue (2)
Tyson Avenue (3)
Tyson Avenue (4)
Tyson Avenue (5)
Listed properties vs overall distribution of properties in Philadelphia, PA:
Advertisements
6801 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: JOHN R LINDA J BIESZ
Assessed land value: $61,995 (it was $1,558 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $98,605 (it was $11,658 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $160,600 (it was $13,216 in 2009)
Market value: $160,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 04/08/1987
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 23.89 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: None
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 7
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of bathrooms: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,583.50 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,531 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: JOHN R LINDA J BIESZ
Assessed land value: $61,995 (it was $1,558 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $98,605 (it was $11,658 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $160,600 (it was $13,216 in 2009)
Market value: $160,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 04/08/1987
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 23.89 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: None
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 7
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of bathrooms: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,583.50 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,531 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
6803 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: ANTHONY ALTOMARI
Assessed land value: $63,889 (it was $1,670 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $98,911 (it was $11,546 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $162,800 (it was $13,216 in 2009)
Market value: $162,800
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $28,333
Date the deed was transferred: 05/17/2005
Sale type: Closer review of sale completed. Sale determined to be good, bona fide and at arms length
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 24.62 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Detached Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 7
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of bathrooms: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,693 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,530 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: ANTHONY ALTOMARI
Assessed land value: $63,889 (it was $1,670 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $98,911 (it was $11,546 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $162,800 (it was $13,216 in 2009)
Market value: $162,800
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $28,333
Date the deed was transferred: 05/17/2005
Sale type: Closer review of sale completed. Sale determined to be good, bona fide and at arms length
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 24.62 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Detached Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 7
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of bathrooms: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,693 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,530 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
6805 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: ANTHONY M ALTOMARI
Assessed land value: $64,154 (it was $1,392 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $103,946 (it was $11,824 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $168,100 (it was $13,216 in 2009)
Market value: $168,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 11/08/1999
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 24.57 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Detached Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 7
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of bathrooms: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,687 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,786 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: ANTHONY M ALTOMARI
Assessed land value: $64,154 (it was $1,392 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $103,946 (it was $11,824 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $168,100 (it was $13,216 in 2009)
Market value: $168,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 11/08/1999
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 24.57 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Detached Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 7
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of bathrooms: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,687 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,786 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
6807 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: KIM LOK CHOI MUI YIM CHOI
Assessed land value: $55,373 (it was $1,948 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $100,027 (it was $16,228 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $155,400 (it was $18,176 in 2009)
Market value: $155,400
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $220,000
Date the deed was transferred: 06/29/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Hotels and Apartments
Site type: Breezeway
Frontage: 24.57 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Detached Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Floor plan: Duplex (converted)
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Separation of utilities: Part separate - not central or all separate
Land area: 3,687 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,530 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: KIM LOK CHOI MUI YIM CHOI
Assessed land value: $55,373 (it was $1,948 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $100,027 (it was $16,228 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $155,400 (it was $18,176 in 2009)
Market value: $155,400
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $220,000
Date the deed was transferred: 06/29/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Hotels and Apartments
Site type: Breezeway
Frontage: 24.57 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Detached Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Floor plan: Duplex (converted)
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Separation of utilities: Part separate - not central or all separate
Land area: 3,687 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,530 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
6809-11 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: KIM LOK CHOI MUI YIM CHOI
Assessed land value: $110,746 (it was $2,081 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $104,654 (it was $24,447 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $215,400 (it was $26,528 in 2009)
Market value: $215,400
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $280,000
Date the deed was transferred: 06/29/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Hotels and Apartments
Frontage: 49.15 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: None
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Floor plan: Duplex (built as)
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 7,374 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 3,136 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: KIM LOK CHOI MUI YIM CHOI
Assessed land value: $110,746 (it was $2,081 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $104,654 (it was $24,447 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $215,400 (it was $26,528 in 2009)
Market value: $215,400
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $280,000
Date the deed was transferred: 06/29/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Hotels and Apartments
Frontage: 49.15 feet
Depth: 150 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: None
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 12/21/2011
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Floor plan: Duplex (built as)
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 7,374 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 3,136 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
7200 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: SHENG K WANG
Assessed land value: $36,748 (it was $3,000 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $113,152 (it was $19,400 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $149,900 (it was $22,400 in 2009)
Market value: $149,900
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $115,000
Date the deed was transferred: 09/03/2003
Sale type: Non-typical conditions of sale or terms of financing
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Corner
Frontage: 25.67 feet
Depth: 90 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 3
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Floor plan: 4 Commercials & 2 Apts
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Separation of utilities: Part separate - not central or all separate
Land area: 2,311.19 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,620 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: SHENG K WANG
Assessed land value: $36,748 (it was $3,000 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $113,152 (it was $19,400 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $149,900 (it was $22,400 in 2009)
Market value: $149,900
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $115,000
Date the deed was transferred: 09/03/2003
Sale type: Non-typical conditions of sale or terms of financing
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Corner
Frontage: 25.67 feet
Depth: 90 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 3
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Floor plan: 4 Commercials & 2 Apts
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Separation of utilities: Part separate - not central or all separate
Land area: 2,311.19 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,620 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
7201 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: TIAN CHEN ZHANG XU FENG ZHANG
Assessed land value: $38,896 (it was $3,000 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $112,304 (it was $19,400 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $151,200 (it was $22,400 in 2009)
Market value: $151,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $78,000
Date the deed was transferred: 06/09/1997
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Corner
Frontage: 29.83 feet
Depth: 82.50 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 3
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Floor plan: 4 Commercials & 2 Apts
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Separation of utilities: Central (one heater, hot water tank, electrical service and gas service)
Land area: 2,461.80 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,620 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: TIAN CHEN ZHANG XU FENG ZHANG
Assessed land value: $38,896 (it was $3,000 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $112,304 (it was $19,400 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $151,200 (it was $22,400 in 2009)
Market value: $151,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $78,000
Date the deed was transferred: 06/09/1997
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Corner
Frontage: 29.83 feet
Depth: 82.50 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 3
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Floor plan: 4 Commercials & 2 Apts
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Separation of utilities: Central (one heater, hot water tank, electrical service and gas service)
Land area: 2,461.80 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,620 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
7202 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: YIU KEI CHAN KAMSE MA
Assessed land value: $25,110 (it was $1,487 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $105,090 (it was $16,465 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $130,200 (it was $17,952 in 2009)
Market value: $130,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $135,000
Date the deed was transferred: 02/28/2011
Sale type: Closer review of sale completed. Sale determined to be good, bona fide and at arms length
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 90 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,620 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,296 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: YIU KEI CHAN KAMSE MA
Assessed land value: $25,110 (it was $1,487 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $105,090 (it was $16,465 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $130,200 (it was $17,952 in 2009)
Market value: $130,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $135,000
Date the deed was transferred: 02/28/2011
Sale type: Closer review of sale completed. Sale determined to be good, bona fide and at arms length
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 90 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,620 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,296 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
7203 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: GEORGE ROSEN HARLAN ROSEN
Assessed land value: $22,821 (it was $1,487 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $105,379 (it was $16,465 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $128,200 (it was $17,952 in 2009)
Market value: $128,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 08/23/2013
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18.07 feet
Depth: 82.50 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,491.59 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,296 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: GEORGE ROSEN HARLAN ROSEN
Assessed land value: $22,821 (it was $1,487 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $105,379 (it was $16,465 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $128,200 (it was $17,952 in 2009)
Market value: $128,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 08/23/2013
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18.07 feet
Depth: 82.50 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,491.59 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,296 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
7204 Bradford Street
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: FENG FANG GUO
Assessed land value: $25,040 (it was $1,405 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $105,160 (it was $15,555 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $130,200 (it was $16,960 in 2009)
Market value: $130,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $127,000
Date the deed was transferred: 12/04/2006
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 17.94 feet
Depth: 90 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,615.50 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,296 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19149
Find on map >>
Owner: FENG FANG GUO
Assessed land value: $25,040 (it was $1,405 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $105,160 (it was $15,555 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $130,200 (it was $16,960 in 2009)
Market value: $130,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $127,000
Date the deed was transferred: 12/04/2006
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 17.94 feet
Depth: 90 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 09/20/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,615.50 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,296 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Other nearby streets: Tyson Avenue (1)
Tyson Avenue (2)
Tyson Avenue (3)
Tyson Avenue (4)
Tyson Avenue (5)
Tyson Avenue (2)
Tyson Avenue (3)
Tyson Avenue (4)
Tyson Avenue (5)
Recent posts about Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on our local forum with over 2,400,000 registered users. Philadelphia is mentioned 39,615 times on our forum:
Settings
X
Recently Added Photos
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Request disassociating your name from street-level assessment address
Recent home sales, price trends, and home value evaluator powered by Onboard Informatics
© 2024 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
© 2024 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Some parts © 2024 Advameg, Inc.
Compilation, repackaging, or reproduction prohibited. Users are forewarned that it is incumbent upon them to verify information with the responsible state agency. Advameg, Inc. does not guarantee the data presented is up-to-date nor does it assume responsibility for updating it. Therefore any names, owners or addresses may have changed. Use of any information published here to contact the persons might be prohibited by the law.