Property valuation of Crestmont Avenue, Philadelphia, PA: 9919, 9920, 9921, 9922, 9923, 9924, 9925, 9926, 9927, 9928 (tax assessments)
Other nearby streets: Crestmont Avenue (1) 
Crestmont Avenue (2)
Crestmont Avenue (3)
Crestmont Avenue (4)
Crestmont Avenue (5)
Crestmont Avenue (2)
Crestmont Avenue (3)
Crestmont Avenue (4)
Crestmont Avenue (5)
Listed properties vs overall distribution of properties in Philadelphia, PA:
Advertisements
9919 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: CATHARINE M ROMPS TR
Assessed land value: $40,140 (it was $1,991 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $130,360 (it was $20,889 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $170,500 (it was $22,880 in 2009)
Market value: $170,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 02/08/2000
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,800 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: CATHARINE M ROMPS TR
Assessed land value: $40,140 (it was $1,991 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $130,360 (it was $20,889 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $170,500 (it was $22,880 in 2009)
Market value: $170,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 02/08/2000
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,800 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
9920 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: MICHAEL F WISNIEWSKI CAROLANN T WISNIEWSKI
Assessed land value: $79,650 (it was $2,114 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $99,950 (it was $21,950 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $179,600 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $179,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $99,900
Date the deed was transferred: 08/28/1991
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 125 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1988
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Number of fireplaces: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,375 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: MICHAEL F WISNIEWSKI CAROLANN T WISNIEWSKI
Assessed land value: $79,650 (it was $2,114 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $99,950 (it was $21,950 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $179,600 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $179,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $99,900
Date the deed was transferred: 08/28/1991
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 125 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1988
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Number of fireplaces: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,375 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
9921 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: KATHLEEN E NUSBAUM REBECCA L DONOVAN
Assessed land value: $67,200 (it was $2,021 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $106,000 (it was $21,211 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $173,200 (it was $23,232 in 2009)
Market value: $173,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $200,000
Date the deed was transferred: 07/11/2011
Sale type: Unfinished improvements. Improvements underway, repairs without permits
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 30 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Number of fireplaces: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,000 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: KATHLEEN E NUSBAUM REBECCA L DONOVAN
Assessed land value: $67,200 (it was $2,021 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $106,000 (it was $21,211 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $173,200 (it was $23,232 in 2009)
Market value: $173,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $200,000
Date the deed was transferred: 07/11/2011
Sale type: Unfinished improvements. Improvements underway, repairs without permits
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 30 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Number of fireplaces: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,000 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
9922 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: ELAINE BLACK
Assessed land value: $53,914 (it was $2,031 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $123,086 (it was $22,033 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $177,000 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $177,000
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 01/15/1998
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 128 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1988
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 2,304 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: ELAINE BLACK
Assessed land value: $53,914 (it was $2,031 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $123,086 (it was $22,033 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $177,000 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $177,000
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 01/15/1998
Sale type: Sales between related parties, i.e. Grantor/Grantee, Owner/Tenant
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 128 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1988
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 2,304 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
9923 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: ERICA STUBANAS
Assessed land value: $67,200 (it was $2,370 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $106,000 (it was $20,862 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $173,200 (it was $23,232 in 2009)
Market value: $173,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $155,000
Date the deed was transferred: 12/27/2011
Sale type: Closer review of sale completed. Sale determined to be good, bona fide and at arms length
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 30 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Number of fireplaces: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,000 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: ERICA STUBANAS
Assessed land value: $67,200 (it was $2,370 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $106,000 (it was $20,862 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $173,200 (it was $23,232 in 2009)
Market value: $173,200
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $155,000
Date the deed was transferred: 12/27/2011
Sale type: Closer review of sale completed. Sale determined to be good, bona fide and at arms length
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 30 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Number of fireplaces: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 3,000 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
9924 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: MATTHEW D DENISE P H/W MCGUCKIN
Assessed land value: $55,413 (it was $2,031 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $121,687 (it was $22,033 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $177,100 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $177,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $74,900
Date the deed was transferred: 05/25/1988
Sale type: Partial assessment, assessment for lot, building not yet assessed
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 131 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 2,358 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: MATTHEW D DENISE P H/W MCGUCKIN
Assessed land value: $55,413 (it was $2,031 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $121,687 (it was $22,033 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $177,100 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $177,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $74,900
Date the deed was transferred: 05/25/1988
Sale type: Partial assessment, assessment for lot, building not yet assessed
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 131 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 2,358 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
9925 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: BRUCE R ZAUN SUSAN HIPPLE
Assessed land value: $39,780 (it was $2,002 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $130,720 (it was $20,878 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $170,500 (it was $22,880 in 2009)
Market value: $170,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $84,900
Date the deed was transferred: 04/23/1989
Sale type: Partial assessment, assessment for lot, building not yet assessed
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Number of fireplaces: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,800 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: BRUCE R ZAUN SUSAN HIPPLE
Assessed land value: $39,780 (it was $2,002 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $130,720 (it was $20,878 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $170,500 (it was $22,880 in 2009)
Market value: $170,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $84,900
Date the deed was transferred: 04/23/1989
Sale type: Partial assessment, assessment for lot, building not yet assessed
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Number of fireplaces: 1
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,800 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
9926 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: MAOXUAN ZHENG YA ZHI WU
Assessed land value: $56,923 (it was $2,031 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $121,177 (it was $22,033 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $178,100 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $178,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $188,000
Date the deed was transferred: 09/17/2012
Sale type: Closer review of sale completed. Sale determined to be good, bona fide and at arms length
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 134 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Converted
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1988
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 2,412 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: MAOXUAN ZHENG YA ZHI WU
Assessed land value: $56,923 (it was $2,031 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $121,177 (it was $22,033 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $178,100 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $178,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $188,000
Date the deed was transferred: 09/17/2012
Sale type: Closer review of sale completed. Sale determined to be good, bona fide and at arms length
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 134 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Converted
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1988
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 2,412 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
9927 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: KEVIN ROCCIA NICHOLE PINO
Assessed land value: $39,780 (it was $2,122 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $130,720 (it was $20,758 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $170,500 (it was $22,880 in 2009)
Market value: $170,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $202,000
Date the deed was transferred: 07/24/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,800 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: KEVIN ROCCIA NICHOLE PINO
Assessed land value: $39,780 (it was $2,122 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $130,720 (it was $20,758 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $170,500 (it was $22,880 in 2009)
Market value: $170,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $202,000
Date the deed was transferred: 07/24/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 18 feet
Depth: 100 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1989
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,800 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 864 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
9928 Crestmont Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: DONALD P JEANETTE J H/W SULLIVAN
Assessed land value: $96,744 (it was $2,114 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $84,056 (it was $21,950 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $180,800 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $180,800
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $76,400
Date the deed was transferred: 06/13/1988
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 29 feet
Depth: 139 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1988
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 4,031 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19114
Find on map >>
Owner: DONALD P JEANETTE J H/W SULLIVAN
Assessed land value: $96,744 (it was $2,114 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $84,056 (it was $21,950 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $180,800 (it was $24,064 in 2009)
Market value: $180,800
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $76,400
Date the deed was transferred: 06/13/1988
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Frontage: 29 feet
Depth: 139 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Above Street Level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Park/Green Area
Date the exterior condition was observed: 02/09/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1988
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 2
Basement type: Partial with 1 or more finished areas
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 4,031 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,242 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Other nearby streets: Crestmont Avenue (1)
Crestmont Avenue (2)
Crestmont Avenue (3)
Crestmont Avenue (4)
Crestmont Avenue (5)
Crestmont Avenue (2)
Crestmont Avenue (3)
Crestmont Avenue (4)
Crestmont Avenue (5)
Recent posts about Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on our local forum with over 2,400,000 registered users. Philadelphia is mentioned 39,615 times on our forum:
Settings
X
Recently Added Photos
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Request disassociating your name from street-level assessment address
Recent home sales, price trends, and home value evaluator powered by Onboard Informatics
© 2024 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
© 2024 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Some parts © 2024 Advameg, Inc.
Compilation, repackaging, or reproduction prohibited. Users are forewarned that it is incumbent upon them to verify information with the responsible state agency. Advameg, Inc. does not guarantee the data presented is up-to-date nor does it assume responsibility for updating it. Therefore any names, owners or addresses may have changed. Use of any information published here to contact the persons might be prohibited by the law.