Property valuation of Gilbert Street, Philadelphia, PA: 8319, 8320, 8321, 8322, 8323, 8324, 8325, 8326, 8327, 8328 (tax assessments)
Other nearby streets: E Mount Airy Avenue 
Gilbert Street (1)
Gilbert Street (2)
Gilbert Street (3)
Gilbert Street (4)
Gilbert Street (1)
Gilbert Street (2)
Gilbert Street (3)
Gilbert Street (4)
Listed properties vs overall distribution of properties in Philadelphia, PA:
Advertisements
8319 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: PATRICIA FLACK
Assessed land value: $22,838 (it was $2,125 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $110,262 (it was $15,155 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $133,100 (it was $17,280 in 2009)
Market value: $133,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $75,000
Date the deed was transferred: 11/30/1998
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16.10 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,532.72 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: PATRICIA FLACK
Assessed land value: $22,838 (it was $2,125 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $110,262 (it was $15,155 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $133,100 (it was $17,280 in 2009)
Market value: $133,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $75,000
Date the deed was transferred: 11/30/1998
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16.10 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,532.72 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
8320 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: JONES E THOMAS
Assessed land value: $22,696 (it was $2,004 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $109,804 (it was $14,284 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $132,500 (it was $16,288 in 2009)
Market value: $132,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $24,500
Date the deed was transferred: 12/29/1978
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,152 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: JONES E THOMAS
Assessed land value: $22,696 (it was $2,004 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $109,804 (it was $14,284 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $132,500 (it was $16,288 in 2009)
Market value: $132,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $24,500
Date the deed was transferred: 12/29/1978
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,152 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
8321 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: DANIELLE L VALES
Assessed land value: $22,696 (it was $1,976 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $102,904 (it was $14,088 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $125,600 (it was $16,064 in 2009)
Market value: $125,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $57,900
Date the deed was transferred: 03/29/1991
Sale type: Others, for some reason does not meet the criteria in the definition of market value
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Amenity: Deck
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: DANIELLE L VALES
Assessed land value: $22,696 (it was $1,976 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $102,904 (it was $14,088 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $125,600 (it was $16,064 in 2009)
Market value: $125,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $57,900
Date the deed was transferred: 03/29/1991
Sale type: Others, for some reason does not meet the criteria in the definition of market value
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Amenity: Deck
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
8322 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: KEELE L ROSA RUDY
Assessed land value: $22,696 (it was $2,154 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $109,804 (it was $15,350 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $132,500 (it was $17,504 in 2009)
Market value: $132,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 09/08/1975
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,152 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: KEELE L ROSA RUDY
Assessed land value: $22,696 (it was $2,154 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $109,804 (it was $15,350 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $132,500 (it was $17,504 in 2009)
Market value: $132,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 09/08/1975
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,152 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
8323 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: CLARENCE TARPLEY JR
Assessed land value: $22,979 (it was $2,125 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $110,121 (it was $15,155 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $133,100 (it was $17,280 in 2009)
Market value: $133,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $125,000
Date the deed was transferred: 11/15/2006
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16.19 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,542.24 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: CLARENCE TARPLEY JR
Assessed land value: $22,979 (it was $2,125 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $110,121 (it was $15,155 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $133,100 (it was $17,280 in 2009)
Market value: $133,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $125,000
Date the deed was transferred: 11/15/2006
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16.19 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,542.24 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
8324 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: FOOD FOR ALL INC
Total assessed value for property: $0
Market value: $125,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $29,400
Date the deed was transferred: 03/30/1998
Sale type: Property purchased or sold by exempt owner
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.26 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Dwelling type: Row/Townhouse
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Building workmanship: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,524.16 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,152 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: FOOD FOR ALL INC
Total assessed value for property: $0
Market value: $125,100
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $29,400
Date the deed was transferred: 03/30/1998
Sale type: Property purchased or sold by exempt owner
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.26 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Dwelling type: Row/Townhouse
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Building workmanship: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,524.16 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,152 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
8325 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: KEVIN E BORDEN TAWANNA E BORDEN
Assessed land value: $22,696 (it was $2,125 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $106,904 (it was $15,155 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $129,600 (it was $17,280 in 2009)
Market value: $129,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 08/25/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1941 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 8
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Full
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: KEVIN E BORDEN TAWANNA E BORDEN
Assessed land value: $22,696 (it was $2,125 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $106,904 (it was $15,155 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $129,600 (it was $17,280 in 2009)
Market value: $129,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 08/25/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1941 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 8
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Full
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
8326 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: BUTLER A YVONNE M TONY
Assessed land value: $22,531 (it was $2,154 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $102,869 (it was $15,350 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $125,400 (it was $17,504 in 2009)
Market value: $125,400
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 02/10/1971
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16.10 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,532.72 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,159 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: BUTLER A YVONNE M TONY
Assessed land value: $22,531 (it was $2,154 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $102,869 (it was $15,350 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $125,400 (it was $17,504 in 2009)
Market value: $125,400
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 02/10/1971
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16.10 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,532.72 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,159 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
8327 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: KEITH CUSTUS
Assessed land value: $22,671 (it was $2,125 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $102,929 (it was $15,155 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $125,600 (it was $17,280 in 2009)
Market value: $125,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 01/16/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16.19 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,542.24 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: KEITH CUSTUS
Assessed land value: $22,671 (it was $2,125 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $102,929 (it was $15,155 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $125,600 (it was $17,280 in 2009)
Market value: $125,600
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 01/16/2007
Sale type: Sale deferred for closer review by Evaluation staff
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16.19 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: No
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,542.24 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,164 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
8328 Gilbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: WATSON GLORIA A BENNY
Assessed land value: $22,391 (it was $2,154 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $110,109 (it was $15,350 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $132,500 (it was $17,504 in 2009)
Market value: $132,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 07/31/1968
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,152 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Find on map >>
Owner: WATSON GLORIA A BENNY
Assessed land value: $22,391 (it was $2,154 in 2009)
Assessed building value: $110,109 (it was $15,350 in 2009)
Total assessed value for property: $132,500 (it was $17,504 in 2009)
Market value: $132,500
Date of last market value change: 01/2013
Sale price: $1
Date the deed was transferred: 07/31/1968
Status of construction: Finished
Category: Residential
Site type: Inside location on the block
Frontage: 16 feet
Depth: 95.20 feet
Shape: Rectangular
Topography: Street level
Garage type: Basement Garage
Number of sheltered parking spaces: 1
View: Typical
Number of stories: 2
Date the exterior condition was observed: 07/15/2012
Exterior condition: Average
Year property was built: 1950 (estimated)
Number of rooms: 6
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of bathrooms: 1
Basement type: Finished
Type of heater or heating system: Hot air (ducts)
Central air: Yes
Connection to sewer: Yes
Land area: 1,523.20 square feet
Total dwelling livable area: 1,152 square feet
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Other nearby streets: E Mount Airy Avenue
Gilbert Street (1)
Gilbert Street (2)
Gilbert Street (3)
Gilbert Street (4)
Gilbert Street (1)
Gilbert Street (2)
Gilbert Street (3)
Gilbert Street (4)
Recent posts about Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on our local forum with over 2,400,000 registered users. Philadelphia is mentioned 39,615 times on our forum:
Settings
X
Recently Added Photos
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Request disassociating your name from street-level assessment address
Recent home sales, price trends, and home value evaluator powered by Onboard Informatics
© 2024 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
© 2024 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Some parts © 2024 Advameg, Inc.
Compilation, repackaging, or reproduction prohibited. Users are forewarned that it is incumbent upon them to verify information with the responsible state agency. Advameg, Inc. does not guarantee the data presented is up-to-date nor does it assume responsibility for updating it. Therefore any names, owners or addresses may have changed. Use of any information published here to contact the persons might be prohibited by the law.