SOUTH CAROLINA

State of South Carolina

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Named in honor of King Charles I of England. NICKNAME: The Palmetto State. CAPITAL: Columbia. ENTERED UNION: 23 May 1788 (8th). SONG: "Carolina" and "South Carolina on My Mind." OPERA : "Porgy and Bess." MOTTO: Animis opibusque parati (Prepared in mind and resources) and Dum spiro spero (While I breathe, I hope). COAT OF ARMS: A palmetto stands erect, with a ravaged oak (representing the British fleet) at its base; 12 spears, symbolizing the first 12 states, are bound crosswise to the palmetto's trunk by a hand bearing the inscription "Quis separabit" (Who shall separate?). Two shields bearing the inscriptions "March 26" (the date in 1776 when South Carolina established its first independent government) and "July 4," respectively, hang from the tree; under the oak are the words "Meliorem lapsa locavit" (Having fallen, it has set up a better one) and the year "1776." The words "South Carolina" and the motto Animis opibusque parati surround the whole. FLAG: Blue field with a white palmetto in the center and a white crescent at the union. OFFICIAL SEAL: The official seal consists of two ovals showing the original designs for the obverse and the reverse of South Carolina's great seal of 1777. left (obverse): same as the coat of arms. right (reverse): as the sun rises over the seashore, Hope, holding a laurel branch, walks over swords and daggers; the motto Dum spiro spero is above her, the word "Spes" (hope) below. ANIMAL: White-tailed deer. BIRD: Carolina wren. WILD GAME BIRD: Wild turkey. FISH: Striped bass. FLOWER: Yellow jessamine. FRUIT: Peach. BEVERAGE: Milk. HOSPITALITY BEVERAGE: Tea. TREE: Palmetto. GEM: Amethyst. STONE: Blue granite. LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Lee's Birthday, 19 January; Washington's Birthday, 3rd Monday in February; Jefferson Davis's Birthday, 3 June; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Election Day, 1st Tuesday after 1st Monday in November (even-numbered years); Veterans Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas Eve, 24 December, when declared by the governor; Christmas Day, 25 December; day after Christmas. TIME: 7 AM EST = noon GMT.

⁵⁰ BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alampi, Gary, ed. Gale State Rankings Reporter. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., 1994.

Barefoot, Daniel W. Touring South Carolina's Revolutionary War Sites. Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, 1999.

Barry, John M. Natural Vegetation of South Carolina. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1979.

Cauthen, Charles E. South Carolina Goes to War , 1860–65. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.

Council of State Governments. The Book of the States, 1994– 1995 Edition. Vol. 30. Lexington, Ky.: The Council of State Governments, 1994.

FDIC, Division of Research and Statistics. Statistics on Banking: A Statistical Profile of the United States Banking Industry. Washington, D.C.: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,1993.

Graham, Cole Brease. South Carolina Politics & Government. Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.

Jones, Lewis P. South Carolina: A Synoptic History for Laymen. Orangeburg, S.C.: Sandlapper Publishing, 1979.

Lander, Ernest M. A History of South Carolina, 1856–1960. 2nd ed. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1970.

McAuliffe, Bill. South Carolina Facts and Symbols. New York:Hilltop Books, 1999.

McCaslin, Richard B. Photographic History of South Carolina in the Civil War. Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas Press, 1994.

Rhyne, Nancy, ed. Voices of Carolina Slave Children. Orangeburg, S.C.: Sandlapper Pub. Co., 1999.

Rogers, George C. A South Carolina Chronology, 1497–1992. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1994.

Schmittroth, Linda, and Mary Kay Rosteck, ed. Cities of the United States. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., 1994.

Sirmans, M. Eugene. Colonial South Carolina: A Political History, 1663–1763. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1966.

South Carolina, State of. Division of Research and Statistical

Services. South Carolina Statistical Abstract, 1984. Columbia, 1984.

Taylor, Rosser H. Ante-Bellum South Carolina: A Social and Cultural History. New York: Da Capo Press, 1970.

US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Digest of Education Statistics, 1993. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 1993.

US Department of the Interior, US Fish and Wildlife Service. Endangered and Threatened Species Recovery Program. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 1990.

Wallace, David Duncan. History of South Carolina . 4 vols. New York: American Historical Society, 1934.

Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. New York: Knopf, 1974.

Wright, Louis B. South Carolina: A Bicentennial History. New York: Norton, 1976.

Zuczek, Richard. State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in South Carolina. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press,1996.