The estimated value of nonfuel mineral production for Washington in 2001 was $545 million, a roughly 10% decrease from that of 2000. Washington ranked 25th nationally in nonfuel mineral production value in 2001. In that year, the four leading nonfuel mineral commodities—construction sand and gravel, crushed stone, portland cement, and magnesium metal—together accounted for almost 90% of the total nonfuel mineral value. According to preliminary figures, crushed stone production was 18.1 million metric tons, valued at $120 million. That same year, construction sand and gravel quarried amounted to 41.1 million metric tons, valued at $221 million, and 116,000 metric tons of clays produced were worth $425,000. In 2001 Washington ranked 1st in magnesium metal, 2nd in olivine, 4th in diatomite, 7th in construction sand and gravel, and 8th in gold. In 2001, increasing energy costs led the state to close most of its seven aluminum smelters, dropping from 1st to 11th place in production of primary aluminum. In 1998 it had produced 31% of the national total.