PERSONNEL 2d Poor hygienic practices PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE Retail food establishments must have a Health Department approved Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan in place when vacuum packageing or when conducting other forms of modified oxygen packaging (MAP). Foods not properly processed using MAP techniques are prone to the growth of botulism. All MAP processed foods must be held refrigerated at 41oF or less until cooking or service. Shelf life of MAP foods are not to exceed 10 days. PERSONNEL 2e Smoking; eating; drinking not restricted PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE The use of tobacco products or eating or drinking during food preparation is prohibited. The hand to mouth contact that occurs during these activities results in the contamination of workers hands and food. FOOD TEMPERATURE CONTROL 3f Food thermometer not available PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE Most food poisonings are associated with foods held at temperatures between 41oF and 140oF for extended periods of time. Health Department inspections stress temperature control of potentially hazardous food. Because food temperature control is so critical in assuring food safety all foods establishment must have and must use an accurate thermometer to check food temperatures. Food product thermometers are to be scaled 0—220oF. They must be accurate to +/-2oF. Food workers need to verify that foods are being properly cooled, that they are reheated to 165oF, that they are cooked to the required temperatures, that they are held hot above 140oF, etc. by using a thermometer. SANITATION RINSE 4a Manual PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE All equipment, utensils and food contact surfaces must be properly washed and then sanitized to minimize food contamination. Washing is the removal of food residue or soil from surfaces. Sanitization is the application of heat or chemicals on cleaned surfaces that results in a 99.999% reduction of disease-causing microorganisms. There are many different types of sanitizers that can be used in food establishments. The most common include: hot water between 165oF and 180oF, chlorine mixed at a concentration of 50 ppm, quaternary ammonia mixed at a concentration of 200 ppm, and iodine mixed at a concentration of 12.5 ppm. When equipment and utensils are washed and sanitized by hand a three basin sink is required. The first basin is filled with hot soapy water. The second is filled with clean rinse water and the third is filled with water containing sanitizer. Equipment and utensils are washed in the first basin to remove all food residue. They are then rinsed free of detergents in the second compartment and are then placed in the third compartment where they are sanitized. The equipment and utensils must remain in the sanitizing solution for at least one minute to allow the sanitizer enough contact time to effectively kill any disease-causing microorganisms that may be left on the surfaces after washing and rinsing. SANITATION RINSE 4c In place PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE All equipment, utensils and food contact surfaces must be properly washed and then sanitized to minimize food contamination. Washing is the removal of food residue or soil from surfaces. Sanitization is the application of heat or chemicals on cleaned surfaces that results in a 99.999% reduction of disease-causing microorganisms. There are many different types of sanitizers that can be used in food establishments. The most common include: hot water between 165oF and 180oF, chlorine mixed at a concentration of 50 ppm, quaternary ammonia mixed at a concentration of 200 ppm, and iodine mixed at a concentration of 12.5 ppm. Establishments will often have equipment that needs to be washed and sanitized, but is too large to fit into warewashing sinks or dishmachines, or is not designed to be submerged in water. This equipment must be washed and sanitized “in place”. Surfaces must be washed with a detergent solution to remove food residue, then rinsed free of detergents with clean water and then sanitized with an approved sanitizer. IMPROPER EQUIPMENT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 10b Non-food contact surfaces PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE Non-food contact surfaces of equipment routinely exposed to splash or food debris must be constructed to be smooth, durable, nonabsorbent and easily cleanable. Equipment that does not meet these criteria becomes difficult to clean, allowing soil, moisture, debris and disease-causing bacteria to accumulate.
FOOD SOURCE 1b Unwholesome; signs of spoilage PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE Canned or hermetically sealed foods must be handled so as to maintain container and product integrity. Dented and damaged containers allow for the contamination of the food within the container. This contamination can result in the growth of disease-causing bacteria or spoilage of the can’s contents. Food establishments are required to inspect can goods for damage. Damaged goods are not to be used. They must be disposed of or be segregated and held in designated areas pending proper disposition.
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