SANITATION RINSE 4c In place PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE All equipment, utensils and food contact surfaces must be properly washed and then sanitized to minimize food contamination. Washing is the removal of food residue or soil from surfaces. Sanitization is the application of heat or chemicals on cleaned surfaces that results in a 99.999% reduction of disease-causing microorganisms. There are many different types of sanitizers that can be used in food establishments. The most common include: hot water between 165oF and 180oF, chlorine mixed at a concentration of 50 ppm, quaternary ammonia mixed at a concentration of 200 ppm, and iodine mixed at a concentration of 12.5 ppm. Establishments will often have equipment that needs to be washed and sanitized, but is too large to fit into warewashing sinks or dishmachines, or is not designed to be submerged in water. This equipment must be washed and sanitized “in place”. Surfaces must be washed with a detergent solution to remove food residue, then rinsed free of detergents with clean water and then sanitized with an approved sanitizer. FOOD LABELING AND PROTECTION 9b Food unprotected from contamination PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE Freezing prevents microbial growth in foods, but usually does not destroy all microorganisms. Improper thawing provides an opportunity for surviving bacteria to grow to harmful numbers. If the food is then refrozen, significant numbers of bacteria may be preserved in the food. Disease-causing organisms can contaminate and/or grow in food that is not stored properly. Drips from condensation and drafts of unfiltered air can be sources of microbial contamination for stored foods. Shoes carry contamination onto the floors of food preparation and storage areas. Raw meats and poultry can contaminate cooked and ready to eat foods if stored above these ready to eat items. Even trace amounts of refuse or wastes present in toilet rooms, rooms used for dressing, storing garbage or tools, or rooms housing machinery can become sources of food contamination. TESTING DEVICES 11a Refrigeration units not provided with accurate, conspicuous thermometer PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE Conspicuous thermometers are required in all refrigeration units and hot food holding cabinets where potentially hazardous foods are stored. Maintaining foods at safe temperatures is critical in controlling the growth of disease-causing bacteria. Should the temperature of a refrigerator exceed 41oF or a hot holding cabinet be less than 140oF, bacterial growth can occur. In order to facilitate the routine monitoring of equipment temperatures, clearly visible thermometers must be provided in all refrigerations and hot holding cabinets and must be routinely checked by food establishment personnel. IMPROPER CLEANING OF EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS 12a Food contact surfaces PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE Microorganisms can get into food by food handlers using dirty utensils, cutting boards, slicers, work counters and other surfaces that directly come into contact with food. Food contact surfaces must be kept clean so they are not a source of food contamination. To prevent bacteria from growing on food contact surfaces they must be cleaned and sanitzed after each use or once every four hours when used in a constant production line bases. During manual warewashing of equipment and utensils, all soaps and abrasive detergents must be rinsed from food contact surfaces so sanitzing agents can be properly applied and be effective.
IMPROPER CLEANING OF EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS 12b Non-food contact surfaces PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE The surfaces of cabinets, utensil drawers, shelves, the outsides surfaces of refrigerators, hot holding equipment and other nonfood contact surfaces must be cleaned to keep them free of accumulation of food spills, dirt and grease. The presence of food debris or dirt on nonfood contact surfaces may provide a suitable environment for the growth of bacteria. Workers may inadvertently transfer this contamination to food. Accumulation of food spills and food residue on nonfood contact surfaces may also be a source of food and harborage of insects, rodents, and other pest.
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